Informatics Publishing Limited

M. Surendra ¹, P. Munirathnam Reddy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology S. V. University, Tirupati, IN
2 Department of Centre for South East-Asian Pacific Studies, S.V.University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

Going to college is important decision in most of student's life. They need to prepare themselves not only to work hard to alive their academic goals, but also to cope with the multitude of stresses in the personal, social, academic, and vocational domoins endemic to the college context. They need a positive concept of their ability to live a normal life given the various pressures/ stresses. Students having a negative perception of their abilities may find it difficult to soi through their social-educational environment and accomplish their goals. They may be at risk of losing academic interest, failing to acquire a sense of satisfaction with their academic work for go opportunities for initative and leadership role, and eventually develop feelings of alienation and rejection a companied by a monifestoation of less positive academic self-concept. The problem are likely to be even more serious for students coming from socially and economically disadvantaged backgrounds and struggling with the development of positive self-concept in the given institutional context of higher education, which present to them a replica of the outer social context, like the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) students in India. Many of the facilities have been cornered by the well-off among them, leading to elite formation among SC/ST. Translated in terms of the conjecture of stress and academic self-concept, it appears that a larger percentage of SC/ST students despite having access to college continue to experience higher stress and have less positive academic self-concept.

Keywords

Stress, Academic, Self-Concept, SC/ST Students.

Full Text

     

M. Surendra ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Solid dispersion is the science of dispersing one (or) more active ingredients in an inert carriers (or) matrix at solid state prepared by melting solvent method (or) solvent evaporation method. Sparingly water soluble drugs often show an erratic dissolution profile in gastrointestinal fluids which consequently results variable oral bio-availability. To improve the dissolution and bioavailability of these drugs, various techniques such as solvent evaporation method, melting method, super critical fluid process, spray drying, lyophilisation, melt agglomeration, extrusion kneading method. The various inert carriers such as acids, polymeric materials, insoluble (or) enteric polymers, surfactants etc. PEG, PVP, lactose, Mannitol, Cyclodextrins and HPMC were used to increased solubility. Solid dispersions were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions of ibuprofen were prepared to increase its aqueous solubility using carriers such as mannitol, urea, and sorbitol. Ibuprofen solid dispersions were prepared in 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios of the drug to carriers (w/w). The prepared solid dispersion were evaluated for physical parameters like Angle of repose, Bulk density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio and Invitro drug release studies. Invitro drug release profile of solid dispersions were comparatively evaluated and also studied against pure Ibuprofen. Higher dissolution rate were exhibited by solid dispersions containing 1:3 ratio of Ibuprofen with urea, the rate of drug release was depended on the type, ratio of drug to carrier and method of dispersions.

Keywords

Solid Dispersions, Ibuprofen, Carriers, Solvent Evaporation Method.

Full Text

     

M. Surendra ¹, T. Venkateswara Rao ², K. Lokeswara Reddy ², A. Ramesh Babu ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Bapatla, Guntur (D.t), Andhra Pradesh-522101, IN

Abstract

Microencapsulation by Ionic gelation technique is an approach to achieve controlled release of drug and mucoadhesive microcapsules were designed to improve the absorption and bioavailability of drug. Microcapsules of Aceclofenac were formulated by employing sodium alginate, two natural polymers-gum kondagogu and gum karaya. The prepared microcapsules were free flowing, discrete spherical shape was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 60-80% and they exhibited good mucoadhesive property. Invitro dissolution data revealed that formulations exhibit the zero order kinetics and followed non-fickian diffusion transport mechanism. The GI residence time of microcapsules were studied by X-Ray photographs. In-vitro release profile of formulation (F3) was found similar to that of marketed formulation. Preclinical pharmacological activity i.e. analgesic activity was conducted. This formulation exhibited the significant analgesic activity Mucoadhesive microcapsules prepared with sodium alginate, gum karaya and gum kondagogu found to be suitable for oral controlled release.

Keywords

Aceclofenac, Ionic-Gelation Method, Entrapment Efficiency, in Vitro Release.

Full Text

     

M. Surendra ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, IN

Abstract

In this paper an attempt is made to high light the various salient features of Tribal Rights in the context of Globalisation. There are 67.8 milhon scheduled tribal people, constituting 8.08% of Indian's population. There are 698 scheduled Tribes spread all over the country. 75 of them are identified as primitive Tribal Groups considering, they are more backward than others. They continue to live in a pre-agricultural stage of economy and have a very low literacy rates. Their populations are stagnant or even declining. The constitution through several Articles have Provided for the Socio-economic development and empower of scheduled Tribes. But there has been no national policy which could have helped to translate the constitutional provisions into a reality. For the first time after the country became Independent the Government of India has proposed the formulations of a national policy an scheduled Tribes in 2004, The policy seeks to bring scheduled Tribes into the mainstream of Society through a multipronged approach for their all-round development without disturbing their distinct disturbing their distinct culture. It also lists out measures to be taken to preserve and promote Tribals' cultural heritage. A lot of changes have taken place in the context of globalisation in the life styles of the Tribal people in the recent past. The scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (Reorganisation Forest rights) Bill, 2005 adopted by Loksabha on Friday, December 15, 2006 is a land mark legislation that seek to empower traditional forest dwelling communities by giving them security of tenure, access to minor forest produce, and a big stake in preservation of natural spaces. Over the Years, the political consensus on the need for such a law has grown stronger because the perverse manner in which conservation of law, notably the forest conservation act 1980 are being implemented. The redrafted bill was adopted with several important amendments to the one tabled in 2005. The cutoff date, too, has been fixed as December 13, 2005 as against October 31, 1980 in the original Bill.The dwellers would have been residing in forest land for three Generations or 75 years for entitlement to land rights and the rights to collect and market the forest products to the dwellers . Now each family would be entitled to four hectares of forest land as against 2.5 hectares envisaged in the previous Bill. A detailed study of the Tribal rights in the context of Globalisation throws much light on their various Socio-Cultural life styles and the economic changes that have taken place in the recent past in India.

Keywords

Globalisation, Tribal Rights, Appraisal.

Full Text

     

J. Lalu Naik ¹, K. Surendranadha Reddy ¹, M. Surendra ²

Affiliations
1 Department o f Anthropology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh ., IN
2 Department of Sociology & Anthropology, College of Business and Social Sciences, Adi Keih, Eritrea, East Africa ., IN

Abstract

This case study focuses on the participation of women street vendors in the central business area of Asmara, Eritrea, particularly around the chicken market and outlying streets. Women who fail to find jobs in the formal sector engage in alternative work in the informal economy (street vending). Today, many street vendors depend on their illicit business to earn them and rescue themselves from different poverty levels. This case study seeks to examine the involvement of women in street vending activities. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to the apparent literature gaps by utilizing qualitative and ethnographic analysis of the cause of their participation and the problems they encounter. This study applied anthropological ethnographic fieldwork methodology. Furthermore, the study involved participant observation, semi-structured and in-depth interviews and photographs as a leading data collection method among the women vendors. Implementing these research methods examined the overall daily routine and livelihood of the street vending women. Additionally, focused on the reasons why they engaged and what practical problems they faced, both during the work in the street and other socio-cultural problems in their home, were examined and described in this literature.

Keywords

women, street vendor, informal economy, anthropology, ethnography

Full Text